Nov 26, 2015 on this page you can read or download platers theory n2 pdf download in pdf format. When the plates move against each other, they create geologic events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains. When the velocity increases, the pressure decreases and vice versa. An orifice meter is a device used for measuring the rate of fluid flow. Upon close examination of the orifice plate, the edge appears to have more of a rounded than a sharp edge quality. The plate holder assembly is a combination of plate holder and an orifice plate designed for ring tongue joint rtj flanges. This seal ring is available as an optional accessory from cameron. In general, exact solutions for cantilever plates using plate theory are quite involved and few exact solutions can be found in the literature. End connection is either suitable for butt welding or with end flanges. Orifice me ian, at a mini allation of a standards e rt 2. Why learn plate and shell fes beam, plate and shell fe are available in almost all finite element software packages. We note that if the plate is relatively thick then the transverse shear deformation can be considered too. Differential pressure flow meters work on the principle of partially obstructing the flow in a pipe.
The plates slowly move through time, changing size and shape. Download information about different types of orifice plates with hub connections. The intelligent use of this software and correct interpretation of output requires basic understanding of the underlying theories. Orifice flanges are one of the most economical means of measuring flow, and daniel orifice flanges are manufactured to be the most accurate. In consequence, they account for almost 50% of the instruments used in. Flowcalc32 ce is a windows orifice plate sizing program for calculation of various differential pressure flow measurement devices. Stress distribution through the thickness of a plate and resultant bending moment plate theory and beam theory. To find the coefficient of discharge for venturi meter. In red you will find an orifice calculation, feel free to substitute this numbers with your own ones. The iso5167 standard condenses all this experimental information. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe.
Theory of plates and shells, engineering societies monographs s. Plate tectonics tells us that the earths crust is split into sections called plates. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Flow measurement errors caused by deformation of orifice plates are analyzed. Orifice plate pdf orifice plate pdf orifice plate pdf download. Further, the sif vs ha curve is shown to have an infinite slope at ha 0. Each cad and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or realworld item, product, or good it may purport to portray. Theory of plates and shells for m e structures students. We have prepared this pdf file because sometimes you need this information to. High velocity jets are also accompanied by the noise, especially in the case of compressible flow. Construction of multistage orifice assembly comprises of multiple restriction orifice plates separated by a distance of one pipe diameter and welded with the pipes in between them.
Calculate restriction orifice thickness posted in industrial professionals. In case you need to convert fromto normal or standard flow rate use the links above. In the case of a sharpedged orifice, the effective diameter is 0. Orifice plate theory software orifice design calculator v. An orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow rate, for reducing pressure or for restricting flow contents. The program can be used to calculate orifice plates, venturi and nozzle flow meters or to calculate the effects of changes in operating conditions, variation of pipe and primary device bore diameters etc. In this post the effect of venturi meter and orifice plate on the fluid flow will be disciussed and complete work will be presented in the form of report.
This pressure drop is linear and is in direct proportion to the flowrate of the liquid or gas. The kirchhoff plate theory is an extension of the eulerbernoulli beam theory to thin. When a fluid whether liquid or gaseous passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice 1. Details of the software products used to create this pdf file can be found in the. Reissner and stein provide a simplified theory for cantilever plates that is an improvement over older theories such as saintvenant plate theory. Stockham northrop grumman information technology major dirk plante defense threat reduction agency dtra if flow through an orifice s minimum area is maintained at mach 1, the volume flow rate is only a function of the temperature and the pr essure upstream of the orifice.
The thickness h is much smaller than the typical plate dimension, h. Mechanics of materials, partial differential equations, fourier series. Additional features include user selectable head options and scheduable compression ends. To take these facts into consideration, we have had to make many changes and additions. Theory of plates and shells, engineering societies monographs. The upstream side of the orifice plate usually has a sharp, square edge facing into the flow stream. Orifice flow calculation data sheet calculating an orifice diameter it is difficult to accurately calculate the flow of a gas or liquid through a tiny orifice due to the effect of the leading edge of the orifice. Introduction a fluid passing though an orifice constriction will experience a drop in pressure across the orifice.
The iso5167 standard condenses all this experimental information giving the formulas and procedures for manufacturing a. Mae456 finite element analysis 2 plate formulation plates may be considered similar to beams, however. This difference in the static pressure referred to as the differential pressure is measured and used to determine the flowrate. Nonnuflo brand dual chamber fittings may require a nitrile seal ring. Pdf on the theories of plates and shells at the nanoscale. Orifice sizing principles chemical engineering now.
The most commonly used inferential or rate meter is the thinplate, concentric orifice meter which is the primary device discussed in this paper. The theories have strong commonality with the equations of classical plate theory cpt. Concepts and applications of finite element analysis, 1996. To find the coefficient of discharge for orifice meter.
Corner tapstaps located at the face of the orifice plate normally used in the line sizes smaller than 2. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. Introduction to the theory of plates stanford university. This article contains three example excel templates that can be downloaded. Request you to share the calculation formulae for calculating the required thickness material of plate is ss316. Passive noise control by means of microperforated plates. Orifice plates have a disadvantage of permitting a greater pressure loss than other throttle elements flow nozzles, venturi tubes, itabar, etc. Multistage restriction orifice designed to reduce the pressure or the flow of the fluid used when the target pressure drop cannot be achieved with a single plate prevent from cavitation as well as important levels of noise or vibration single or multi orifice plates assembly orifice plate. Plate tectonics american association of petroleum geologists. This download includes the orifice plate hv2740 from herz valves uk ltd ranging from sizes 65mm up to 400mm. System dynamics p 3 orifice plates basic differential pressure theory differential pressure flow meters work on the principle of partially obstructing the flow in a pipe. Theory and analysis of elastic plates and shells second edition j. The orifice plate has a tab or printed label on one side where the specifications for the plate are stamped. Finite element analysis of laminated composite plates using a.
In this paper, we shall consider the analysis of the static deflection of a cantilever type plate, i. Ibr form iiic certificate can be provided as per requirement. Venturi meter and orifice meter are the commonly used flow meters for measuring massvolumetric flow rate or velocity of the flowing fluid. Later, reddy presented the displacement x 1 and mixed 12 finite element formulation with the displacement model adopted earlier a for closedform solutions. Venturi meter and orifice plate effects are two main and very important phenomenas in fuild mechanics sub field of mechanical engineering.
Excel formulas use the ideal gas law to calculate the density of a gas for known gas molecular weight, temperature and pressure. What plate boundaries will their movement depend on. Reddy, theory and analysis of elastic plates and shells, second. Pdf numerical investigation on effects of deformation on. Google earth plate tectonics and continental drift investigation. Im calling it a knifeedge orifice, or just a, you can imagine it being a plate in the center of my flow field, and has a very sharp edge to it. The principal additions are 1 an article on deflection of plates due to transverse shear, 2 an article on stress.
There are a number of factors to consider in orifice plate sizing, and these software packages account for. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter objectives. Explanatory notes for the plate tectonic map of the circumpacific region by george w. Klm technology group restriction orifice program is very useful to calculate proper orifice size, flow rate, and. The vena contracta corresponds to the narrow throat of a venturi tube. One of the differences between plane stress and plate theory is that in the plate theory the stress components are allowed to vary through the thickness of the plate, so that there can be bending moments, fig. Use excel formulas for orifice, venturi meter and ideal. The task of properly sizing an orifice plate for any given application is complex enough to recommend the use of special orifice sizing computer software provided by orifice plate manufacturers. Analysis, and applications crc press book presenting recent principles of thin plate and shell theories, this book emphasizes novel analytical and numerical methods for solving linear and nonlinear plate and shell dilemmas, new theories for the design and analysis of thin plateshell structures, and realworld.
As the name implies, it consists of an orifice plate which is the basic. The discharge will depend up on the head of the fluid h above the level of the orifice. Plates can bend in two directions plates are flat with a thickness cant have an interesting crosssection. Each has built in excel formulas to calculate unknowns like the pipe flow. As the name implies, it consists of an orifice plate which is the basic element of the instrument. By default, the calculator will show an orifice plate calculation example. Pdf this work aims to determine the impact of orifice plate deformation on the differential pressure at the highpressure natural gas pipelines. Check whether the water level in the tank is sufficient such that the suction pipe of pump is completely immersed. Orifice tapping orifice plate taps instrumentationtools. Size a gasliquid orifice plate using iso5167 2003 international standard and cranes flow of fluids through valves equation 3. The orifice plate is basically a thin metal plate 1. Microperforated plates mpps are newgeneration sound absorbers.
Solution of some plate bending problems using the boundary. Calculate restriction orifice thickness industrial. The thirdorder plate theory of reddy 24 25 is based on the displacement field. Explain with reference to examples you have studied how plate. Orifice me y sources of by following tices for the ions. The orifice plate is a metal disc with a concentric hole in it, which is inserted into the pipe carrying the flowing fluid. An orifice is an opening of a specific dimension removed from the head orifice plate which can be characterised by its shape or type of edge in the side base of a show more content best results occur between value of 0. Orifice plates are simple, cheap, and available in a wide range of sizes. Universal orifice plates type 500 the type 500 orifice plate is a standard design used in most brands of single and dual chamber orifice fittings. On the downstream side of an orifice there are strong vortices which cause flow pressure losses. Introduction to pipe flow measurement the process piping. Orifice plates according to din en iso 5167 2 standard concentric orifice plate figure 1. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v.
For those who want to use an orifice plate or a venturi tube the standard iso 5167 details of the software products used to create this pdf file can be found in. Theorificemeterconsistsofathrottlingdeviceanorificeplateinsertedintheflow. Chapter 1 governing equations for thin plates with small deflection chapter 2 laterally loaded rectangular plates chapter 3 circular plates chapter 4 approximate methods for solution of plate. Produced orifice plates are in accordance with the standard en iso 51672 pdf 5167 the rosemount 1495 orifice plate is compliant to iso 5167, aga report no. Solution of some plate bending problems using the boundary element method qinghua du, zhenhan yao and guoshu song department of engineering mechanics, tsing hua university, beijing, peoples republic of china received 25 april 1983 some fundamental aspects of the boundary element method of the kirchhoff theory of thin plate flexure are given. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final. The thickness is usually constant but may be variable and is measured normal to the middle surface of the plate, fig. Orifice plate theory software free download orifice. The point where the fluid flow profile constricts to a minimum crosssectional area after flowing through the orifice is called the vena contracta, and it is the area of minimum fluid pressure. This is the most common tap configuration and is recognized by the latest aga specifications. Bathe mit opencourseware timoshenko beam theory, and reissnermindlin plate theory. An orifice meter is basically a type of flow meter used to measure the rate of flow of liquid or gas, especially steam, using the differential pressure measurement principle. It uses the same principle as a venturi nozzle, namely bernoullis principle which says that there is a relationship between the pressure of the fluid and the velocity of the fluid. Flow and temperature compensation formula orifice plate diagram with.
Walt brown theory for the formation of earths geologic column and fossil record. Singlephase and twophase flow through thin and thick orifices. So, now i may apply bernoullis equation to, again, a fluid conduit, but now i have a restriction in it. The plate holder has a function of holding the orifice plate and also a function as a gasket to prevent leakage of the process fluid.
Now that we have studied the plate boundaries and paleography of the earth, lets combine these tools to predict the future for north and south america. Training natural gas orifice measurement technicians 0114. Explain with reference to examples you have studied how plate tectonics helps us understand the forces at work along plate boundaries. Finite element analysis of laminated composite plates 9 by lo et al 5 for isotropic plates. The relevant plate solution is provided by the mindlin plate theory 1. Timoshenko professor emeritus of engineering mechanics stanford university s. Balch division of mechanics and computation department of mecanical engineering stanford university stretching and bending of plates fundamentals introduction a plate is a structural element which is thin and. Woinowskykrieger professor ofengineering mechanics laval university second edition mcgrawhillbookcompany auckland bogota guatemala hamburg lisbon london madrid mexico newdelhi panama paris sanjuan saopaulo singapore sydney tokyo. Excel templates can be downloaded to make venturi meter and orifice flow meter calculations in u. To determine the coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.
Get reddy theory and analysis of elastic plates shells pdf file for free on our ebook library pdf file. Explanatory notes for the platetectonic map of the circum. During recent years, the research trend in shell theories has shown an in creasing interest in constructing a higher order theory accounting for a nonlinear variation of the displace ments through the shell thickness. Inserting the higher discharge coefficient value of 0. Hi all i am trying to calculate the thickness of a restriction orifice plate for higher pressure drops about 14 kgsqcm pressure drop. Orifice plate pdf in other words, you cannot manage what you cannot measure and nowhere is that more true than in the measurement of flow. Restriction orifice plate program restriction orifice program is specially designed to assist engineers for limiting the flow which is the intended purpose of reducing the flowing pressure or the rate of flow. On the theories of plates and shells at the nanoscale 27. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the surface of the earth is comprised of several plates, some very large, and several smaller.
An introduction to an orifice meter 909 words bartleby. Although we defer defining a shelllike body in precise terms until sect. Theoretical analysis of the static deflection of plates for. An orifice is an opening in the side or base of tank or reservoir through which fluid is discharge in the form of a jet. For measurement through venturi, open the outlet valve of the venturi meter and. Fem is able to solve problems on geometrically complicated domains. Theory of plates and shells, engineering societies.
A more drastic change in velocity profile can be caused by an orifice or a valve that create a high velocity jet into a flow stream. When this orifice plate is placed in a line, a differential pressure is developed across the orifice plate. Information from its description page there is shown below. Theory overview of flow measurement using differential pressure devices based on iso5167 standard. Keywords daniel, flange union, daniel industries orifice plate. Critical orifice theory, design and implementation dr leo w. To calculate the flowrate of a fluid passing through an orifice plate, enter the parameters below. Hartranft and sih1968 showed that the sif for an infinite plate varies very rapidly in the hla range of 0 to 0. This obstruc tion creates a difference in the static pressure between the upstream and downstream side of the device. A plate and more generally a shell is a special threedimensional body whose boundary surface has special features. It is mainly used for robust applications as it is known for its durability and is very economical. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter. Introduction to pipe flow measurement by theprocesspiping published september 26, 2017 updated september 25, 2017 accurate measurement of flow rate of liquids and gases is an essential requirement for maintaining the quality of industrial processes.
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